一心不可二用：邊學習邊看電視壞處多

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　　邊學習邊看電視壞處多

　　WASHINGTON -- Your parents were right, don't studywith the TV on.

　　華盛頓——你的父母是對的：學習時不要開著電視。

　　Multitaskingmay be a necessity in today's fast-paced world, but new researchshows distractions affect the way people learn, making theknowledge they gain harder to use later on。

　　在如今快節(jié)奏的社會中，同時做幾件事也許是必須的，但新研究表明分心會影響人們的學習方式，使他們?nèi)蘸筝^難運用到所學的知識。

"What's new isthat even if you can learn while distracted, it changes how youlearn to make it less efficient and useful," said Russell A.Poldrack, a psychology professor at the University of California,Los Angeles。

　　洛杉磯加利福尼亞大學的心理學教授羅素·A·波德瑞克說：“新的發(fā)現(xiàn)是即使你在受到干擾的情況下仍然可以學習，你的學習方式也會因此而改變，你的學習效率會變低，效果會變差?！?/p>

　　As Poldrack explains it, the brain learns in two different ways.One, called declarative learning, deals with learning active factsthat can be recalled and used with great flexibility. The second iscalled habit learning。

　　正如波德瑞克所解釋的那樣，大腦有兩種不同的學習方式，一種叫做敘述式學習，用來學習積極內(nèi)容，即人們可以回憶起來并能很靈活地加以運用的東西。第二種叫習慣性學習。

　　For instance, inlearning a phone number you can simply memorize it, usingdeclarative learning, and can then recall it whenever needed。

　　比方說你記一個電話號碼，你可以直接通過敘述式學習方式把它記住，無論何時需要都能回憶起來。第二種就是習慣性地記住它。

"A second way tolearn it is by habit, "punch it in 1,000 times, then even if youdon't remember it consciously, you can go to the phone and punch itin,"Poldrack said。

　　“撥個1000次，不管你是否有意識地去記它，你走到電話前就能撥出那個號碼、”波德瑞克解釋說。

　　Memorizing is alot more useful, he pointed out. "If you use the habit system, youhave to be at a phone to recreate the movements."

　　他指出(敘述式學習方式的)記憶要有用得多，“如果你使用習慣性學習方法，你就得到電話機旁去重現(xiàn)場景?！?/p>

　　The problem,Poldrack said, is that the two types of learning seem to becompeting with each other, and when someone is distracted, habitlearning seems to take over from declarative learning。

　　波德瑞克說問題就在于這兩種學習方法似乎會彼此抗衡，當一個人分心時，習慣式學習方式似乎會取代敘述式學習方式。