深析高速公路電子監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用

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摘要:隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,高速公路運(yùn)輸需求日益增長(zhǎng),交通擁擠嚴(yán)重,安全事故頻頻發(fā)生。這一問題己成為長(zhǎng)期困擾人們的難題。高速公路電子監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)作為智能交通運(yùn)輸系統(tǒng)的一部分,對(duì)該問題的解決給出了可行的方案。 Abstract: with the development of social economy, highway transportation demand is growing, traffic congestion is serious, the safety accident occurred frequently. This problem has become a long-term problem in people. Highway electronic monitoring system as part of the intelligent transportation system, the feasible scheme is presented to resolve the problem. 　　關(guān)鍵詞:高速公路;電子監(jiān)控系統(tǒng);應(yīng)用 Key words: the highway; Electronic monitoring system; application 　　Abstract:With the social and economic development, highways, the growing transport demand, traffic congestion serious security incidents occur frequently. It has been a long plagued the people problem. Highway electronic monitoring system as part of intelligent transport systems, the solution to the problem gives a feasible solution. Abstract: With the social and economic development, highways, and the growing transport demand, traffic congestion serious security incidents occur frequently. It has had a long plagued the people problem. Taking electronic monitoring system as part of intelligent transport systems, the solution to the problem gives a feasible solution. 　　Key words:freeway; electronic monitoring system; application Key words: freeway; Electronic monitoring system; Application 　　 　　1高速公路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)概述 1 summary of expressway monitoring system 　　高速公路交通工程機(jī)電系統(tǒng)由收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)、監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、通信系統(tǒng)三大系統(tǒng),以及照明通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)和供配電系統(tǒng)組成。收費(fèi)系統(tǒng)對(duì)道路的使用者按既定的費(fèi)率征收通行費(fèi),以回收道路建設(shè)投資。通信系統(tǒng)為收費(fèi)和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)提供信息傳輸?shù)耐ǖ?。監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)作為三大系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分之一,對(duì)高速公路交通流狀態(tài)和交通環(huán)境進(jìn)行監(jiān)測(cè),并根據(jù)需要對(duì)交通流進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo)和控制,保證車輛運(yùn)行暢通、減少交通事故、降低事故的危害性。高速公路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)由外場(chǎng)監(jiān)控設(shè)施、站場(chǎng)監(jiān)控室和各級(jí)監(jiān)控中心組成,是實(shí)現(xiàn)高速公路運(yùn)行管理的重要手段。 Highway traffic engineering mechanical and electrical system consists of charging system, monitoring system, communication system, the three systems, ventilation and lighting system and power supply and distribution system. Charge system for road users according to the established rate collecting tolls, recycling road construction investment. Communication system for charging and monitoring system of information transmission channel. Monitoring system as one of the three systems is an important part of highway traffic flow state and the traffic environment monitoring, and according to the need for traffic flow guidance and control, ensure vehicle running smooth, reduce traffic accidents, reduce the risks of accidents. Highway monitoring system composed of field monitoring facilities, the station control room and the monitoring center at all levels, is an important means of realization of expressway operation and management. 　　2高速公路交通電子監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)及作用 2 goals and functions of highway traffic electronic monitoring system 　　2.1監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo) 2.1 monitoring and control system of target 　　高速公路交通狀況受車流時(shí)空分布、氣候、道路線形和地形等的影響,高速公路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的目標(biāo)在于減少上述因素的影響,解決氣候異常、事故和車輛故障等造成的交通擁擠和阻塞。具體而言,高速公路監(jiān)控的主要目標(biāo)有4個(gè)方面。 Highway traffic flow space-time distribution, the influence of climate, topography and road alignment, highway monitoring system goal is to reduce the influence of these factors, and address climate anomalies, accidents and vehicle failure caused by traffic congestion and jams. Specifically, highway monitoring the main goal of the four aspects. 　　(1)準(zhǔn)確地檢測(cè)道路交通流參數(shù)和氣象數(shù)據(jù)。 (1) accurately detect road traffic flow parameters and meteorological data. 　　(2)有效地監(jiān)視道路交通和氣候變化,及時(shí)掌握道路運(yùn)營(yíng)狀況。 (2) the effective monitoring of road traffic and climate change, timely grasp the road operating conditions. 　　(3)及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和處理安全隱患,減少交通事故,降低事故的嚴(yán)重性。 (3) find and deal with the security hidden danger in time, reduce the number of traffic accidents, to reduce the severity of the accident. 　　(4)減少偶發(fā)事件、交通事故及惡劣氣候?qū)Φ缆方煌ǖ挠绊憽?(4) to reduce accident, traffic accidents and severe weather impact on road traffic. 　　(5)當(dāng)交通量達(dá)到飽和時(shí),利用交通流模型理論分析交通狀態(tài),對(duì)交通流進(jìn)行誘導(dǎo)和控制,以提高路網(wǎng)通行能力。 (5) when the traffic reaches saturation, the analysis traffic condition, using the theory of traffic flow model for traffic flow guidance and control, in order to improve the road network traffic capacity. 　　2.2監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的作用 2.2 the role of monitoring and control system 　　車輛行駛高速、快捷、安全、舒適是高速公路交通的本質(zhì)特征。然而,偶發(fā)事件如:交通事故、車輛拋錨、貨物散落和氣候變化卻不可避免,如果得不到及時(shí)處理,勢(shì)必引起交通堵塞甚至成為安全隱患。高速公路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的主要功能就在于實(shí)時(shí)檢測(cè)這些異常信息,并采取及時(shí)有效的控制措施。具體而言,其主要作用如下: Vehicle speed, quick, safe, comfortable is the essential characteristics of highway traffic. However, contingencies, such as: traffic accident, the car broke down, scattered goods and climate change is inevitable, if not handled in time, certainly will cause traffic jams and even become a safety hazard. Highway monitoring system's main function is to real-time detect the anomaly information, and take timely and effective control measures. Specifically, its main function is as follows: 　　(1)準(zhǔn)確及時(shí)采集交通流、交通環(huán)境和主要交通設(shè)施的各種狀態(tài)信息。 (1) accurate and timely collection and traffic flow, traffic environment and main facilities of all kinds of status information. 　　(2)根據(jù)已掌握的信息,通過交通流模型分析,迅速做出有針對(duì)性的處理和優(yōu)化控制方案,并立即執(zhí)行。 (2) according to the information we have to master, through the analysis of the traffic flow model, quickly make a targeted processing and optimization control scheme, and immediate execution. 　　(3)建立多種信息發(fā)布渠道,為用戶提供信息服務(wù),通過駕駛員調(diào)整駕駛行為,使交通流動(dòng)態(tài)平衡。 (3) establish a variety of information distribution channels, to provide users with information service, via the adjustment of driving behavior and traffic flow dynamic balance. 　　(4)進(jìn)行專項(xiàng)監(jiān)控,如用視頻系統(tǒng)監(jiān)視某大橋的車流通過情況,探測(cè)和確認(rèn)交通事件及路面使用狀態(tài)檢測(cè)等。 (4) for a special monitoring, such as use of a bridge traffic video monitoring system through the case, the traffic incident and pavement condition detection and inspection, etc. 　　(5)對(duì)交通事故作出快速響應(yīng),迅速排除事故根源和提供救援服務(wù)。 (5) make a quick response for the traffic accident, rapid rule out accident root cause and provide rescue service. 　　(6)建立道路交通數(shù)據(jù)庫,用以支持道路運(yùn)行狀況評(píng)價(jià),為改善道路經(jīng)營(yíng)和交通管理的決策提供數(shù)據(jù)分析。 (6) establish road traffic database to support road performance evaluation, in order to improve road management and traffic management decision to provide data analysis. 　　3高速公路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成及功能 3 highway monitoring system structure and function 　　根據(jù)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的功能要求和設(shè)備特點(diǎn),監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)又分為交通信息采集子系統(tǒng)、交通狀態(tài)檢測(cè)子系統(tǒng)、交通控制子系統(tǒng)、交通誘導(dǎo)子系統(tǒng)和計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)子系統(tǒng)。 According to the requirements of the monitoring system functions and characteristics of the equipment, monitoring and control system is divided into traffic information collection subsystem, the subsystems of traffic state detection, traffic control, traffic inducement subsystem and computer network subsystem. 　　3.1交通信息采集子系統(tǒng) 3.1 traffic information acquisition subsystem 　　該系統(tǒng)的功能是獲取交通信息原始數(shù)據(jù),通過車輛檢測(cè)器、檢測(cè)線圈、通訊設(shè)備等形成的交通量采集子系統(tǒng),獲得各段道路的交通量數(shù)據(jù)。通過設(shè)在重要地段的攝像機(jī)和視頻傳輸設(shè)備獲取該地段的視頻實(shí)時(shí)數(shù)據(jù);通過設(shè)在路邊的緊急電話獲取緊急救援信號(hào);通過氣象信息采集系統(tǒng)采集高速公路各個(gè)地段的能見度、溫度、濕度、風(fēng)向、風(fēng)速、雨雪等氣象條件。在這些信息中,視頻數(shù)據(jù)可在計(jì)算機(jī)或電視墻上顯示,并根據(jù)需要對(duì)視頻數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行抓拍記錄,其他交通流數(shù)據(jù)、氣象信息數(shù)據(jù)和緊急救援信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)一般通過電子地圖板或大屏幕投影的方式顯示。 Function of the system is to obtain traffic information raw data, through the vehicle detector, detection coil, formation traffic acquisition subsystem, such as communications equipment for segmentation of road traffic flow data. Through the important location of cameras and video transmission equipment to get the location of video data in real time; Through the roadside emergency telephone access to emergency signal; Through each section of meteorological information collection system collecting highway visibility, temperature, humidity, wind direction, wind speed, precipitation and other meteorological conditions. In this information, the video data can be displayed on a computer or TV on the wall, and to capture video data record, according to need to other traffic flow data, weather information and emergency signal data through electronic DeTuBan or large screen projection display. 　　3.2交通控制子系統(tǒng) 3.2 traffic control subsystem 　　根據(jù)各路段的交通狀態(tài)和氣象條件,選擇或配置交通控制方案。交通控制子系統(tǒng)包括:交通控制目標(biāo)、交通控制參數(shù)?？刂茀?shù)以一定的控制形式作用于交通流。交通控制方式可分為匝道控制、主線控制和通道控制三大類。在控制算法上,有基于穩(wěn)態(tài)交通模型和動(dòng)態(tài)交通模型的推導(dǎo)方法、基于模糊理論的算法、基于神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)原理的算法等,這些算法在實(shí)踐和交流中不斷得到完善和發(fā)展,為交通控制奠定了良好的理論基礎(chǔ)。 According to each traffic state of road and weather conditions, select or configure the traffic control scheme. Traffic control subsystem, including: the traffic control objectives, control parameters. Control parameter in the form of certain control effect on traffic flow. Traffic control mode can be divided into the ramp control, mainline control and channel control three categories. On control algorithm, is derived based on static traffic and dynamic traffic model method, the algorithm based on fuzzy theory, based on principle of neural network algorithm, these algorithms was perfected continuously in the practice and communication and the development, laid a good theoretical basis for traffic control. 3.3計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)子系統(tǒng) 3.3 computer network subsystem 　　計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)子系統(tǒng)將其他各個(gè)子系統(tǒng)通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接為一個(gè)整體,使之真正成為一個(gè)功能強(qiáng)大的有機(jī)系統(tǒng)。計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)系統(tǒng)包括:計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)備、網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接設(shè)備、計(jì)算機(jī)操作系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)庫系統(tǒng)、計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)管理、監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用程序。 Computer network subsystem connect other subsystems through the computer network as a whole, to make it really become a powerful organic system. Computer network system, including: computer equipment, Internet connection, computer operating system, database system, computer network management, monitoring and control system applications. 　　4高速公路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)技術(shù)分析 4 highway monitoring system of technical analysis 　　4.1監(jiān)控的目的和功能 4.1 monitor the purposes and functions 　　高速公路監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)由信息采集、數(shù)據(jù)傳輸、中心控制和信息發(fā)布等組成。在中心控制子系統(tǒng)的統(tǒng)一管理下,通過公路沿線的車輛檢測(cè)器、氣象檢測(cè)器、能見度檢測(cè)器、攝像機(jī)等信息采集設(shè)備,準(zhǔn)確計(jì)算道路交通數(shù)據(jù),有效監(jiān)測(cè)道路的交通、氣象狀況,及時(shí)掌握道路運(yùn)營(yíng)狀況,將交通量分布、氣象參數(shù)、車輛運(yùn)行情況等信息即時(shí)采集到監(jiān)控分中心,經(jīng)計(jì)算機(jī)處理形成交通控制方案,再經(jīng)過可變信息標(biāo)志、可變限速標(biāo)志發(fā)布誘導(dǎo)信息,不僅有利于交通管理部門針對(duì)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)或即將出現(xiàn)的擁堵情況進(jìn)行交通分配、誘導(dǎo)和控制,避免和疏導(dǎo)交通擁堵,同時(shí)也為出行者提供有意義的參考,協(xié)調(diào)道路使用者在合適的時(shí)間選擇最佳路徑,最快的到達(dá)目的地,避免時(shí)間和金錢的浪費(fèi),使高速公路的交通流始終保持在最佳的運(yùn)行狀態(tài),及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和處理交通事故并減少事故的發(fā)生率,提高道路通行能力。 Highway monitoring system by information collection, data transmission, center control, and information release, etc. Under the center control sub-system of unified management, through along the highway vehicle detector, detector, meteorological visibility detector, information collection equipment such as cameras, accurate calculation of road traffic data, the effective monitoring of road traffic, weather conditions, timely grasp the road operating conditions, the traffic volume distribution, meteorological parameters, vehicle running status information such as real-time monitoring information collected, the traffic control scheme was formed by computer processing, through the variable message signs, variable speed limit sign release induced by information, is not only beneficial to the traffic management department to solve the problem of congestion has appeared or is about to appear in traffic assignment, inducing and controlling, prevent and ease traffic congestion, but also provide meaningful reference for traveler, to coordinate road users at the right time to choose the best path, the fastest to reach its destination, avoid the waste of time and money, keep the highway traffic flow is always in the best running state, timely detection and handling of traffic accidents and reduce the incidence of accidents, improve the traffic capacity. 　　4.2監(jiān)控過程 4.2 monitor the process 　　交通監(jiān)控過程,輸出為車輛運(yùn)行狀態(tài), 輸入為控制指標(biāo), 受控對(duì)象為交通流,道路、交通和氣象環(huán)境等各種影響交通流的因素作為系統(tǒng)的干擾輸入表征交通流狀態(tài)特征的信息歷經(jīng)采集、處理、決策和執(zhí)行各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié),遵循反饋控制原理,按預(yù)定指標(biāo)完成控制任務(wù)。 Traffic monitoring process, the output of vehicles running state, input as control index, the controlled object to traffic flow, road, traffic and weather conditions and other factors, which affect the traffic flow state interference as system input characterization of traffic flow characteristics of the information through the collection, processing, decision-making and implementation each link, and follow the feedback control principle, control tasks are done according to target. 　　4.3監(jiān)控分中心 4.3 monitor the sub-center 　　監(jiān)控分中心是介于信息采集子系統(tǒng)和信息提供子系統(tǒng)之間的中間環(huán)節(jié),是監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的核心部分。它的主要職能是信息的接受、分析、判斷、預(yù)測(cè)、確認(rèn)、交通異常事件的處理決策、指令發(fā)布、設(shè)備運(yùn)行狀態(tài)的監(jiān)視和控制等。監(jiān)控分中心通常由計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)、室內(nèi)顯示設(shè)備和監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)控制臺(tái)組成。監(jiān)控分中心有集中式和分布式等多種形式,其功能隨監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)類型的不同有所差別,但基本功能是一致的,即信息的分析、處理、交通控制和管理的輔助決策。根據(jù)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)的功能要求,監(jiān)控分中心主要硬件設(shè)備應(yīng)包括綜合控制臺(tái)、顯示設(shè)備和計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)。 Monitoring information is between information collection subsystem and information subsystem of the intermediate links, is the core part of the monitoring system. Its main function is to information, analysis, judgement, prediction and recognition, traffic abnormal incident handling decisions, orders issued, the equipment running status monitoring and control, etc. Monitoring sub-center usually by computer system, indoor display equipment and monitoring system of the console. Monitoring information has a variety of forms such as centralized and distributed, its function is different with different types of monitoring and control system, but the basic functionality is consistent, namely, information analysis and processing, traffic control and management of assistant decision-making. Based on the function of the monitoring system, monitoring branch main hardware equipment should include comprehensive console, display devices, and computer systems. 　　4.4外場(chǎng)監(jiān)控系統(tǒng) 4.4 field monitoring system 　　為了完成監(jiān)視和控制功能, 監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)除了監(jiān)控分中心子系統(tǒng)外還包括若干外場(chǎng)設(shè)備,它們分屬于交通信息采集子系統(tǒng)和交通信息提供子系統(tǒng)(即交通誘導(dǎo)子系統(tǒng))。信息采集子系統(tǒng)是高速公路上設(shè)置的用來采集信息的設(shè)備和配備。采集的信息主要包括如下幾個(gè)方面:交通流信息;氣象信息;道路環(huán)境信息;異常事件信息等。高速公路信息采集的方式有人工的,也有自動(dòng)的。主要有以下幾種:車輛檢測(cè)裝置;能見度檢測(cè)裝置;閉路電視;緊急電話。交通信息發(fā)布子系統(tǒng)即交通誘導(dǎo)子系統(tǒng),是在高速公路上設(shè)置的用來向道路使用者提供道路交通信息和誘導(dǎo)控制指令,以及向管理、救助部門和社會(huì)提供求助指令或道路交通信息的設(shè)施,其主要設(shè)備包括可變信息標(biāo)志、可變限速標(biāo)志和路側(cè)廣播等。 In order to complete the monitoring and control functions, supervisory system in addition to monitoring information subsystem includes a number of field devices, they belong to the traffic information collection subsystem and traffic information subsystem (that is, traffic inducement subsystem). Information acquisition subsystem is set on the highway to collect information of the equipment and is equipped with. Acquisition of information mainly includes following several aspects: traffic flow information; Meteorological information; Road environment information; Abnormal events information, etc. Highways have artificial information acquisition way, there are automatic. Basically has the following kinds: vehicle detection device; Visibility detection device; Closed-circuit television (CCTV); An emergency phone call. Transportation information issue subsystem traffic induced subsystem, is set up on the highway to provide traffic information to road users and the induction control instruction, and seek help from management, rescue department and the society to provide instructions or facilities of road traffic information, the main equipment includes variable message signs, variable speed limit signs and roadside radio, etc. 　　5結(jié)束語 5 conclusion 　　高速公路電子監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)是高速公路控制系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分之一,為高速公路提供了有效的交通管理、控制、監(jiān)視、誘導(dǎo),是交通監(jiān)控的良好手段。 Highway electronic monitoring system is an important part of the control system of highway, highway provides an efficient traffic management, control, monitoring, induction, is a good means of traffic monitoring.