淺談區(qū)域環(huán)境的影響

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論文摘要：實行對外開放政策以來，我國在沿海省市開辟了一系列新經濟開發(fā)區(qū)。這些經濟區(qū)一般都有各自的經濟發(fā)展規(guī)劃，有的制定了區(qū)域環(huán)境規(guī)劃，因此，應該開展相應的區(qū)域環(huán)境影響評價。

  Abstract: since the adopted a policy of opening to the outside world, our country started a series of new economic development zone in coastal provinces and cities. These economic zones generally has its own economic development planning, some established regional environmental planning, therefore, the corresponding regional environmental impact assessment should be carried out.    　　論文關鍵詞：區(qū)域環(huán)境評價；新經濟開發(fā)；REIA；污染物預防   Key words: regional environmental assessment; The new economic development; REIA; Pollution prevention    　　　　     　　一、區(qū)域環(huán)境評價的概念   First, the concept of regional environmental assessment    　　從1979年中國實施建設項目環(huán)境影響評價制度至今，其相關制度在保護自然環(huán)境、防治污染、協(xié)調開發(fā)建設和環(huán)境保護方面就一直發(fā)揮著重要的作用。經濟建設的迅猛發(fā)展，帶動了眾多區(qū)域性開發(fā)建設項目的發(fā)展，例如經濟開發(fā)區(qū)、高新技術產業(yè)開發(fā)區(qū)、旅游度假區(qū)及邊貿開發(fā)區(qū)等，使多個建設項目在相同地區(qū)，相近時間陸續(xù)開展。屆時，如果對各建設項目進行逐個環(huán)境影響評價（EIA），就不能準確預測最終的環(huán)境變化，不能顯示區(qū)域開發(fā)的總體環(huán)境影響，進而導致無法采取合理的環(huán)境保護對策，使環(huán)境質量目標的實現(xiàn)落空。故而，應當將這類開發(fā)建設項目看作一個整體，綜合考慮全部區(qū)域開發(fā)的建設行為，開展區(qū)域開發(fā)環(huán)境影響評價，即區(qū)域環(huán)境影響評價（REIA）。從理論上說，REIA可歸入戰(zhàn)略性環(huán)境影響評價（SEIA或SEA）的范疇。   From China in 1979 since the implementation of the construction project environmental impact assessment system, the related system in protecting the natural environment, prevent and control pollution, to coordinate development and environmental protection has been playing an important role. The rapid development of economic construction, promote the development of the regional development and construction projects, such as economic development zone, hi-tech industry development zone and tourist resort and the border trade development zone, etc., make many construction projects in the same area, close to the launch time. Then, if individually for each construction project to the environmental impact assessment (EIA), will not be able to accurately predict the ultimate environmental change, can't display area development's overall environmental impact, leading to not take reasonable environmental protection countermeasure, failed to achieve the goal of environmental quality. So, this kind of development and construction project shall be as a whole, taking into account all the construction of regional development, regional development environmental impact assessment, namely, regional environmental impact assessment (REIA). In theory, REIA can be classified as strategic environmental impact assessment (SEIA or SEA).