探析中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林和環(huán)境保護(hù)

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內(nèi)容摘要 針對(duì)中國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村城市化進(jìn)程中的鄉(xiāng)村人類(lèi)聚居環(huán)境規(guī)劃建設(shè), 提出鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林的問(wèn)題, 闡述了鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林的定義、國(guó)內(nèi)外研究動(dòng)態(tài)及其理論與實(shí)踐意義, 進(jìn)而提出了作者關(guān)于我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林研究的內(nèi)容、方法及其預(yù)期成果。

  Content based on China's rural urbanization in rural human settlement environment planning and construction, bring up the question of rural landscape, this paper expounds the definition of rural landscape, theory and practice of domestic and foreign research dynamic and significance, then proposed the author about the contents, methods of rural landscape research in China and its expected outcomes.    1 引言   1 introduction    鄉(xiāng)村有景觀嗎? 鄉(xiāng)村有園林嗎? 鄉(xiāng)村需要景觀園林嗎? 在城市化進(jìn)程快速發(fā)展的今天, 在大地景觀開(kāi)始深入人心的現(xiàn)代, 對(duì)于中國(guó)規(guī)劃建筑界, 這些問(wèn)題已經(jīng)開(kāi)始引起人們的關(guān)注。眾所周知, 鄉(xiāng)村既是人類(lèi)聚居環(huán)境的基本細(xì)胞, 也是中國(guó)絕大部分人口的主要聚居地區(qū)。鄉(xiāng)村園林以鄉(xiāng)村景觀為背景, 鄉(xiāng)村景觀在客觀方面包括地理位置、地形、水、土、氣候、動(dòng)、植物、人工物等, 在主觀方面包括經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展程度、社會(huì)文化、生活習(xí)俗, 鄉(xiāng)村園林正是在這種綜合的景觀中孕育、演變、發(fā)展、生成, 所以鄉(xiāng)村園林與鄉(xiāng)村景觀密不可分, 故而, 鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林也就成為本文的論題。根據(jù)人類(lèi)聚居環(huán)境學(xué)理論(劉濱誼1999) , 作為鄉(xiāng)村人類(lèi)聚居環(huán)境的基本背景, 鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林作為鄉(xiāng)村規(guī)劃的基礎(chǔ)背景, 它對(duì)整個(gè)村落的布局、特色的塑造和生態(tài)環(huán)境的保育起著決定性的作用, 它的面貌、格局、規(guī)劃、建設(shè)決定著鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境的生死存亡。合理而理想的鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林, 表面看上去樸實(shí)無(wú)華, 然而在“ 因地制宜”、“就地取材”、“因材致用”、“持續(xù)發(fā)展” 的基本原則指導(dǎo)下, 其內(nèi)在卻是豐富多彩、形態(tài)各異、耐人尋味的, 其中, 不乏有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)而令今天的城市人神往。當(dāng)今中國(guó), 隨著城市化進(jìn)程的不斷加快, 鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林在鄉(xiāng)村人類(lèi)聚居環(huán)境規(guī)劃建設(shè)中的作用、地位日漸重要。對(duì)于迅速城市化的鄉(xiāng)村地帶, 鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林正處于十字路口, 迫切需要予以定位、定性、定向、定型, 而對(duì)于當(dāng)今那些步入病態(tài)衰敗的城鎮(zhèn), 理想的鄉(xiāng)村景觀園林無(wú)疑將成為“ 治病” “健身” 的一帖靈丹妙藥。   Rural landscape? Country garden? Country need a landscape? In the current rapid development of urbanization process, at the beginning of the earth landscape is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people in the modern times, planning and architecture in China, these problems have begun to cause the attention of people. As is known to all, the country is the basic cell of human settlement environment, and the vast majority of people is also China's major populated areas. Country garden is set in rural landscape and rural landscape in objective aspects including geographical position, terrain, water, soil, climate, plants and animals, artificial objects, such as the subjective aspects including the economic development level, social culture and living custom, country garden it was in this kind of comprehensive landscape breeds, evolution, development, generation, so the rural landscape and rural landscape are inseparable, therefore, the rural landscape has become the thesis of this article. According to the theory of human settlement environment LiuBinYi (1999), as a basic background of rural human settlement environment, rural landscape as the foundation of the rural planning background, the layout of it for an entire village, shaping of the characteristics and ecological environment conservation plays a decisive role, its features, landscape, planning, construction decides the survival of rural environment. Reasonable and ideal rural landscape, the surface seems plain, but the "adjust measures to local conditions", "use local materials", "due to the material tool", "sustainable development" under the guidance of the basic principles, its are immanent is rich and colorful, forms, intriguing, among them, there are many advantages for today's city people longing. In today's China, with the accelerating of urbanization process, rural landscape planning and construction of human settlement environment in the country the role, status is important. For rapid urbanization of rural areas, rural landscape is at a crossroads, the urgent need for positioning, qualitative, directional, finalize the design, and for those in morbid decaying towns today, ideal rural landscape will no doubt become a "cure" panacea "fitness" of a post.