高層建筑扣件式鋼管腳手架的安全問題的解析

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摘　要：對高層建筑中常見的扣件式鋼管腳手架的搭設(shè)及拆除的安全問題，進行了分析研究，提出了保障措施及要求，以保障所搭設(shè)的腳手架的安全性，避免安全事故的發(fā)生，對于高層腳手架的安全施工與管理具有非常重要的意義。

Pick to: the common fastener type steel pipe scaffold in high-rise building set-up and dismantling of security problems, has carried on the analysis and study, puts forward the safeguard measures and requirements, in order to ensure the erection of scaffolding safety, to prevent safety accidents, high-level scaffolding for the safety of the construction and management has very important significance. 關(guān)鍵詞：高層建筑；扣件式鋼管腳手架；安全性分析 Key words: high-rise buildings; Fastener type steel pipe scaffold; Safety analysis 　　在施工階段，腳手架工程是建筑物或構(gòu)筑物在施工時必須發(fā)生的輔助項目，工程中常用的腳手架類型很多。對高層建筑多采用扣件式鋼管腳手架。采用扣件式鋼管腳手架可以達(dá)到縮短工期、提高工效的目的，同時也降低了勞動強度，大大提高了生產(chǎn)效率。 During the construction phase, the scaffold project is a building or structure must occur during the construction of auxiliary project, that is commonly used in engineering scaffold type a lot. With fastener type steel tube scaffold in high-rise building. Adopted fastener type steel tube scaffold can achieve the purpose of shortening the construction period, improve working efficiency, also reduced the labor intensity, greatly improving the production efficiency. 　　腳手架提供的工作面可供高處作業(yè)時堆料、短距離水平運輸及操作人員在上面進行施工作業(yè)。由于高處作業(yè)，考慮不周和設(shè)計不當(dāng)易引起安全事故的發(fā)生，所以安全施工顯得尤為重要。 Scaffolding when working face to high stacking, short distance level, transport and operation personnel in the above construction operations. Because of the high homework, thoughtless and poorly designed easy cause safety accidents, so it is particularly important to safety construction. 1 扣件式鋼管腳手架的組成及設(shè)計要求 　 1 fastener type steel tube scaffold of composition and the design requirements 　扣件式鋼管腳手架又稱為架子管，一般是由鋼管、扣件、底座、腳手板、安全網(wǎng)5 個部分組成。 　 Also known as frame tube, fastener type steel tube scaffold commonly consists of steel pipes, fasteners, base, scaffolding, the safety net of five parts. ?、?管：一般鋼管規(guī)格尺寸為φ48.3×3.6mm。根據(jù)鋼管在腳手架中的位置和作用不同,鋼管可分為立桿、縱向水平桿、橫向水平桿、連墻桿、剪刀撐、水平斜拉桿等。腳手架在搭設(shè)時要求外架超出建筑物總高度1.8m，立桿間距一般不大2.0m，立桿橫距不大于1.5m，連墻桿不少于三步三跨，雙排腳手架設(shè)剪刀撐與橫向斜撐。在腳手架兩端及中間部位每間隔15m, 應(yīng)設(shè)一道剪刀撐，以加強其縱向穩(wěn)定性。在高度方向，每隔6m 左右與建筑拉接和橫撐一次，以防止腳手架向外傾倒。連墻桿必須采用可承受拉力和壓力的構(gòu)造。具體尺寸應(yīng)符合JGJ130-2011。 (1) tube: the general steel tube size for the phi 48.3 x 3.6 mm. According to different steel tube in the position and role of scaffolding, steel pipe can be divided into vertical pole, longitudinal rod, rod, even the wall rod, scissors, lateral horizontal, horizontal oblique rod, etc. When scaffold erection of WaiJia beyond building a total height of 1.8 m, stud spacing generally is 2.0 m, poling horizontal distance not greater than 1.5 m, even wall not less than three three spans, double-row scaffold bracing and lateral brace. On both ends of scaffolding and middle intervals of 15 m, should establish a bracing, in order to strengthen its longitudinal stability. In the height direction, at intervals of about 6 m and the building and the crossbar once, in order to prevent the scaffold to dump. Even the wall rod structure can sustain tension and pressure must be used. Specific size should comply with JGJ130-2011. 　?、瓶奂轰摴苤g靠扣件連接，有直角扣件、旋轉(zhuǎn)扣件、對接扣件及根據(jù)防滑要求設(shè)計的非連接用的防滑扣件等幾種?？奂仨毮艽_保節(jié)點不變形，是架子穩(wěn)定的關(guān)鍵所在。采用的扣件，在螺栓擰緊扭力矩達(dá)65N.m 時,不得發(fā)生破壞。 　 Fasteners: [2] by fastener connection between steel tube, right-angle fastener, rotating fastener, docking fastener, and according to the request of anti-skid design of connection with antiskid fasteners etc. Fasteners must be able to ensure that node deformation, is the key to shelf stability. Fasteners, the bolt tightening torque of 65 n. M, shall not be destroyed. ?、堑鬃郝涞厥侥_手架的立柱底座，設(shè)在立桿下端，是用來承受立桿荷載并傳遞給地基的配件，由于支撐的好壞直接影響腳手架的變形與安全，所以要求立柱底座有足夠的強度外，還要分層夯實地基土。底座可用鋼管與鋼板焊接，也可用鑄鐵制成。 　 (3) the base: scaffolding of column base on floor, located in the lower vertical pole, is used for poling under load and passed to the foundation of the accessories, because of the support is good or bad, directly affect the deformation of the scaffold and security so pillar base has enough strength requirements, the hierarchical compaction of foundation soil. Base steel tube and steel plate welding are available, and can also be made from cast iron. 　⑷腳手板：可提供施工操作條件同時承受和傳遞荷載給縱橫水平桿的配件，設(shè)于非操作層時起安全防護作用，可用竹、木等材料制成，鋼材較多見。腳手架底層滿鋪一層固定的腳手板，作業(yè)層滿鋪腳手板，自作業(yè)層往下計，一般須每隔12m 滿鋪一層腳手板。 　 (4) scaffold board: operating conditions at the same time under construction and load transferring to horizontal bar accessories, in the purpose of safety protection when the operational layer, available materials such as bamboo, wood, steel, more see. Put a layer of fixed scaffolding scaffolding full bottom, be put with scaffolding plank homework layer, since the operation layer down the plan, which generally every 12 m spread a layer of scaffolding. ?、砂踩W(wǎng)：其作用是保證施工安全和減少灰塵的配件，包括立網(wǎng)和平網(wǎng)兩部分。腳手架使用的安全網(wǎng)必須能夠滿足其使用和安全要求。對腳手架有以下基本要求：①要有足夠的安全性和穩(wěn)定性，保證施工期間在所規(guī)定的荷載和氣候條件下，不產(chǎn)生變形、傾斜和搖晃；②要有足夠的使用面積，滿足堆料、運輸、操作和行走的要求 5] safety net: its function is to guarantee the construction safety and reduce dust fittings, including LiWang peace network two parts. Use scaffolding safety net must be able to meet its use and safety requirements. For scaffold has the following basic requirements: (1) to have enough security and stability, ensure construction period of a specified load and climate conditions, does not produce distortion, tilt and shaking; (2) to have enough usable floor area, meet the stockyard, transportation, operation and walking